Forgotten Brewery Caves - Minneiska, Minnesota

Minneiska Minnesota is a pretty little village on the Mississippi River between Wabasha and Winona. Today it has just over 100 residents but on its founding in the early 1850s there was much optimism for the place.

It did have the problem of having limited space in which to grow.  It had the river in front and steep bluffs back behind.  Not surprisingly it evolved into a long thin strip of development that straggled along the river front for about a mile.  The usual fixtures of 19th century life evolved including a brewery.

What you can see today is just the residual scraps of Minneiska.  When the dirt road out front was widened into a busy four lane highway most of the older buildings were razed.  Various interesting bits of foundations and cellars are all that is left in many cases.

The brewery in Minneiska came late, 1871 if the usually reliable Land of Amber Waters can be trusted.  It had the usual shifting ownership and unusually also went out of business early, being gone around 1877.  After the suds stopped flowing the brewery building was used as boat storage.

There are a couple of problems with pinpointing the brewery site.  Firstly, the recorded landmarks are of little use.  Near the railroad station is unhelpful when that has long ago been demolished.  Sure, that makes it near the railroad tracks but everything in Minneiska is near the tracks.  Secondly, as a town built into the side of a hill, there are various cellars large and small to look over.  Most were in all probability just cold storage for homes and businesses. Lets look a few over first then get to the probable brewery cave (s).

First a couple of "in town" storage cellars.  Not serious contenders for being the brewery cave. Narrow doors with no signs of later refit from wider arches.  And a little too close to the center of this tiny community with its imposing Catholic church.  You prefer to have the brewery on the edge of town both from a fire hazard perspective and to keep even the modest sin of beer sipping "out of sight, out of mind".

About a mile north of town I spotted this little "hobbit hole" along the side of the highway. There are a few traces of masonry left, and what looks like some old whitewash on the cliff face adjacent to the cave entry.  I think it was just the storage space/storm cellar for a house.  Inside the snug little cave has a ledge around the sides.  This along with the sloping sides and small capacity, would seem to make beer aging unlikely here.

Along the highway starting just to the north of the existing village of Minneiska you find this complex of tumble down walls.  There are several cave entrances here, in fact in the image above I think I see one that I missed when visiting rather late in the day.  Here is one that I did peek into:

As you can see, the inside of this one features a series of metal rods driven into the sides of the cavern.  I did not like the look of this, the last time I saw something like it was in the underneath of York Minster where they were part of the work done to stabilize the structure when it was in danger of collapse. Sure, these might have just been supports for some kind of shelves, but when you can see the entire cave anyway it does not pay to go poking around in questionable places....

On to the brewery cave.

Entrance.  Breweries always did go in for a few decorative touches, I like the brick work here. Note the cement patching of the entryway.  We know the structure had later utilitarian use.

A fairly standard brewery cave.  A few nice bits of "stone drips" in the back.  The floor has enough debris on it that drainage channels can't be seen.  My visit was brief but I did not notice any vent holes.

I did see these interesting notches in the wall near the entrance.  I have seen something like this once or twice before.  In the Casanova caves in Hudson they were associated with a keg filling stand.  That would make sense here as well.

The various caves in Minneiska pose a dilemma for me regards my recommendations.  Of course the ones in town are not open to visits although an intrepid person willing to knock on doors might find receptive property owners.  But they are most likely just glorified tool sheds now.

The "hobbit hole" north of town looks safe and appears to be on public land.  As always, be respectful.

The complex of caves, and it may be as many as four, in the foundations just on the north edge of town are again on what looks to be road right of way, but they appear to be of variable stability.  Don't ever take chances for something as foolish as curiosity. 

Forgotten Brewery Caves - Marine on St. Croix

For Minnesota - which is actually a fairly new state - Marine on St. Croix was a very early settlement. But being first does not always guarantee lasting success.  Today it is a quaint little village of about 600 people.

The place was settled in 1839 by some fellows from  Marine, Illinois.  They named their new home after their old one and taking advantage of the transportation provided by the St. Croix River, they built the first commercial sawmill in what would eventually become Minnesota. (Technically it was part of Wisconsin Territory at the time).

With free water power from a handy creek and an endless supply of virgin pine coming down river from the lumber camps, business was very good.

A man named John Kaufmann founded a brewery at Marine Mills (name later changed to Marine on St. Croix) in 1856.  Oddly, he built it right next to the lumber mill.  This seems like a bad plan, as breweries tend to burn down and lumber mills are full of flammable stuff.

Sure enough, the brewery burned in 1865 and again in 1882, this time putting it out of business for good.  In an apparently unrelated incident the mill burned in 1863 but was rebuilt a few years later.

Today's brewery was never a large one, perhaps 200 barrels a year at its peak production in the 1870s. It went through a variety of ownership changes before finally giving up in the early 1880s. Marine was just not a big enough town to support a brewery, especially in the face of stiff competition from three brewers in nearby Stillwater.

The ruins of the Marine Mill are a local historical site, although there is really not that much to see any more.  A few tumbled down foundations.  The brewery was supposedly on the south side of the creek at the river bluff, so that's where I headed.  And sure enough...

It looks to me as if the cliff face has had a lot of erosion over the years.  As to the remains of the brewery building, it appears there are just a few random stones left.

The cave entrance has a secure gate over it.

And a look inside shows that the cave is collapsed in just a few feet short of the entrance.

There are signs up above that point out that this is a historic site, and that you should not go clambering off the path.  Fair enough.  So if you chose to visit, do this:  First have a look at the official site. There are some signboards and such that are informative.  Then go over to the north side of the creek. Turn back towards the river on Maple Street, going past - if you can manage it - the ice cream shop.  There is a nice path going down to the St. Croix river.  People fish there.  Then you hop back across to the south side of the creek.  It is not wide and I was able to cross on a nice stable log. The site is on public land and you should not have any problems but as always, be respectful and sensible.

The Agony and the Obelisk

In Rome the various obelisks have "nicknames" that hint at their history.  Today's example has been referred to as the Agonale Obelisk.  The name tells a story of its own, one in which the obelisk makes a very late appearance.

Agony is a peculiar word.  It is of Greek origin and evolved through various forms.  Agon is to assemble for a contest.  Agonia is a struggle - mostly mental - for victory in a contest.  By the late 14th century it is in French, agonie, meaning anguish or terror.  One gets the idea that a sports venue is involved here somehow.

Just so.  Welcome to the site of the Stadium of Domitian, build circa 86 AD as a venue for athletic competitions.  Below is one of the entrances, preserved near the north end of the complex.  These arcades saw some saucy bits of history over the years, supposedly prostitutes plied their trade there during the debauched rule of Emperor Elagabalus.  Somewhat more chastely, Saint Agnes was put to death near here during the harsh reign of Diocletian.

Through additional linguistic mutations the open space that was once the Circus Agonalis is now called Piazza Navona.  It still has an oval shape, remembering the stadium structures that lie beneath the modern buildings.  It is a rather fun place.

Oh, and there is an obelisk.  Pope Innocent X parked it there in 1649.  He had a Palace on the Piazza and thought he would improve the view.

It is a nice obelisk.  It is known to be of Egyptian origin but carved during the Roman era.  It has hieroglyphics that appear to show the Emperor Domitian being crowned, so might have been brought here when he came to power in 81 AD.  Its original location is speculative.  Later (AD 309) the Emperor Maxentius had it moved out of town to his villa on the Appian Way.  It adorned the circus that he built to honor his deceased son Romulus. When things went bad for the Empire the obelisk fell and broke into various pieces. The Pope did not move the obelisk just to improve his view, he also had to foretall that Grand Tourist and Collector, The Earl of Arundle who had already put down a deposit on the broken fragments of the obelisk as they lay on the spina of Maxentius' Circus.

The obelisk is supported by another nice fountain by Bernini.  This is the Fountain of the Four Rivers.  The Piazza is now home to all manner of street artists.  Interesting to see whose caricatures Italian cartoonists think will be in high demand.  Putin.  Morgan Freeman.  Some lady with large cheekbones.

I wonder how many George W. Bush pictures he sells?  

Here is another fountain, one of my personal Roman faves.  Fontana del Moro by a fellow named Giacomo della Porta.

Busking can be hard work, or sometimes just a solitary mission.  This guy dressed in the garb of a Hindu fakir just sits there all day, expecting that if you come close enough to try and figure out his trick, you will toss him a coin for its ingenuity.

Politics Star Date 2016

One of the problems with American politics in 2015 is that increasingly people of differing political viewpoints lack a common language.  "Justice, Freedom, Equality"...these are all concepts that both sides of the political spectrum cherish and hold dear, but they may have differing and at times incompatible ideas of what these things mean.

Here at Detritus of Empire politics is far from a staple, but in the interests of helping bridge the cognitive gap that keeps my fellow citizens from engaging in meaningful discourse I think it is time to introduce a perspective that is in our culture well neigh Universal.

Star Trek.

I mean really, is there anyone who was born after about 1950 who is not familiar with it in its various incarnations?

Lets consider a cast of characters.  I highlight these in a neutral sense, with neither endorsement nor condemnation.

First, from Star Trek Deep Space Nine, we have Morn.  Thoughtful guy, never says a word.

In modern day America he has an equal but opposite Twin.  (Serious Star Trek fans will of course at this point say..."Ah...the Mirror Universe!").

In most of the Star Trek series there were semi-comical characters called Ferengi.  Shamelessly selfish, they put the interests of business and commerce ahead of all other considerations.  The ultimate Supply Siders...

OK, I am now going to be admittedly unfair to Paul Ryan, whose pro-business leanings fall somewhat short of Ferengi standards, and whose ears while unquestionably large, only rise to the level of comparison with an atypical photo...

Next lets check in on a woman who has endured in a hostile, male dominated environment.  A strong woman who has no fear of speaking her mind.

It is a sad fact that the women who played major roles in Star Trek seldom go on to have long acting careers, Hollywood being less tolerant of the effects of maturity on females.  But honestly now, Major Kira has added some wisdom and gravitas, changed her hair color a bit, and become:

Carly Fiona.

Everyone of course knows the main figures in the Political and Trek universes, but some of the more interesting figures are the bit players, the supporting cast.  They add color and diversity, they serve loyally in minor roles hoping someday to make the grade as First Officer, or Vice President. Consider for example, Mr. Sulu, shown here having a bit of fever induced out of character swashbuckling fun:

And his 21st century counterpart?  Here in a less frenetic pose is Julian Castro, of whom much is whispered as a Veep candidate.  As a counterpart, presumably, to an elderly "Captain" he would be expected to provide youth and energy.  A fencing sword actually might not be a bad prop....

An Obelisk of Augustus

Having shown you some of my favorite obelisks in Rome I will today take you to one that I don't like very much.  Here, have a look.

This is the so called Quirnale Obelisk.  You can see an inscription on the front of it.  In fact while the obelisk proper has no markings or hieroglyphics the modern base has an array of messages on it. One of which tells the story fairly well.  In translation:

NOW IN VAIN HAS HOSTILE TIME STRIVEN TO BURY ME,

OVERTURNED AND SHATTERED, IN HEAPS OF RUBBLE--

ME, ONCE HEWN FROM THE CLIFFS OF EGYPT AND BORNE

THROUGH THE MIDST OF THE SEA BY THE STRENGTH OF ROMULUS

WHERE THE TIBER LAPPED AT THE GROVE OF THE CAESARS--

FOR PIUS RECALLS ME TO THE LIGHT AND BIDS ME, REMADE, 

TO STAND TALL ON THE SUMMIT OF THE HILL OF QUIRINUS,

WHERE BETWEEN THE MIGHTY FIGURES OF ALEXANDER

I SHALL ATTEST (how far inferior is the latter to Pius)

TO THE GREAT WORKS OF PIUS THE SIXTH

Well, that's a lot to piece together.  The story of the obelisk runs something like this: The fascination of Rome with things Egyptian started with Augustus.  You remember, the whole Antony and Cleopatra thing.  After he conquered the place he wanted to be accepted there.  Augustus had as his role model Alexander the Great.  Alexander came as a conqueror but was fascinated by and respectful of the native Egyptian gods and customs.  Basically he was regarded as another Pharaoh and at his death he was mummified and buried in the Egyptian city he founded, Alexandria.

Augustus visited the Tomb of Alexander, that fabulous and now lost ancient wonder. In a very awkward moment he is said to have touched Alexander's mummified form....and the nose fell off! But overall the visit went well enough that Augustus decided that upon his own death he would have a mausoleum modeled on that of Alexander.

Well, full points for concept, not such great marks for execution.  The Mausoleum of Augustus was impressive on completion, with its two pink granite obelisks flanking the entrance.  But it  was built on land prone to flooding "The Tiber Lapped at the Grove of the Caesars" a little too often perhaps. In concert with the usual looting and neglect this has rendered the former burial place of Roman Emperors into what has been in recent years a place where homeless people relieve themselves.

The obelisks fell into the swampy ground and broke, their fragments only being discovered and reassembled in, respectively, 1519 and 1781.  They are peculiar obelisks and little can be said of their origins.  They lack both markings and the characteristic pointed top.  It is assumed that the Romans had them quarried for this purpose.  Hey, if you are Augustus you can have anything you fancy.

The 1781 obelisk ended up in the Piazza del Quirnale.  The Quirnale hill is one of the taller but less known of the Seven Hills of Rome. It was named for Quirinus, a deity sometimes associated with a deified Romulus.  In Roman times the Quirnale hill was the location of the last of the great public baths, that of Constantine the Great.  It also had (another) Temple to Isis.  At one of these locations, which is unclear, there was a set of gigantic statues.  Two young virile men with horses they presumably represent the Dioscuri, although a certain degree of confusion as seen in the inscription above sometimes made them out to be Alexander the Great and his horse Bucephalus!  Remaining visible since ancient times they gave the hill its medieval  name:  Monte Cavallo, the hill of the horses.

Pope Pius the Sixth had this obelisk excavated and repaired, setting it between the two colossal statues which were already on the site but had to be moved slightly.  The Piazza he chose for this monument happened to be right outside the door of his summer residence.  As Pope you didn't get as much latitude as an Emperor, but still quite a lot.

Alas for PiusVI.  He lived in turbulent times.  When the French Revolution broke out with its fierce anticlerical streak he had to vigorously oppose it.  So when Napoleonic forces captured Rome and turned up at his doorstep he had a problem.  They demanded that he surrender all temporal power. He refused, so the French toted him off to exile where he died six months later.

This less than glorious fate made the initial inscription on the obelisk base seem a bit......discordant. It is not as if Pius really put Alexander the Great to shame, and for that matter the horse tamers were not even actually representations of Alexander. The boastful last line was altered as shown above.

Later the complex of buildings around the square was taken over by the Italian government.  The residence of the President of the Republic is there as are quite a few assorted Ministry buildings.

It makes for a peculiar environment for the obelisk.  Sterile in a way, there are few tourists this far away from the main attractions.  And perhaps the faint whiff of modern ineffectual governance clashes a bit with the massive, perhaps even brutal looking representation of Imperial Greatness.

The obelisk and statues are actually quite large, but manage to look like an afterthought in the huge barren piazza.

The stone basin is also ancient.  It is granite and formerly sat in the Roman Forum near the Arch of Septimus Severus.  It made the move up here in 1818,

Nice horses.  You can see a bit of repair work.  Although the inscriptions claim these are Greek originals from a famous sculptor they are in fact later Roman copies

You can see why Mussolini liked this style, it feels kind of fascist.  Il Duce in fact had very similar equestrian states at his EUR complex south of Rome, and even put up a modern obelisk with the inscription MUSSOLINI DUX at the Foro Italico sports center in 1932.

Life in the ER - When diplomacy fails.

Dealing with ER patients is mostly straightforward.  Be polite.  Remember that most of them are having a Bad Day.  Practice good medicine.  You will generally do fine even with what some would regard as challenging patients.

But one category requires special handling....kids from about age 2 to 10.  This is a demographic that is too old to fool and too young to reason with.  They are often quite frightened, especially so if they have had previous difficult encounters with the medical system.

Dealing with parents is the topic of another post entirely, but I will mention in passing that you have to always remember, even if the reason for bringing the kid in looks rather silly objectively, that they are motivated by concern for their child.  This is always worthy even if practiced to excess.

But back to the suspicious toddler types.

Always move slowly.  You can do things gently or you can do them quickly.  Unless you have a genuinely life threatening situation on your hands, or if the ER is collapsing under the burden of multiple messes, you just have to take your time with things.

I always try to sit down when dealing with patients.  If you tower over them you just make them more nervous.  This is especially true of children.  Of course I have to talk to the parents, but I keep watching the child out of the corner of my eye.  Usually I catch the kid doing the same thing.  It helps if they think of you as more of a "co-conspirator".

You never want to have to use brute force.  I for instance will not restrain a child for stitches. You use whatever pain control measures are necessary, hopefully in a good tasting oral form, then wait for it to work.  Tell stories while you work.  I have some excellent ones.

It helps to distract them when necessary.  There are a few minor magic tricks that can be done with tape measures, tongue blades and reflex hammers....

And if diplomacy and trickery fall short, well, there is always BribERy.

We have child sized containers of ice cream.  We have stickers.  Combine the two.  "Hey, want some Spiderman/Princess Ice Cream?".  I will usually offer either one and can say that the gender predictable choice is opted for about 95% of the time.

And if that does not work....

This is Coban, a dressing material sometimes called "Vet Wrap".  It is stretchy stuff that sticks to itself but not other stuff.

"Would you like a Ninja Turtle Head Band?".  Usually the answer is yes.  I could show you some really cute examples but, hey, privacy rules and all.  I sometimes put one on in solidarity with my young patient and I have no qualms on this point.

Having extensive kid experience raising my three boys, I consider this my comfort zone. Little girls are something of an enigma to me.  So I am always asking them about stuff.  It came to my attention that almost all of them have seen the movie "Frozen", and that the average number of tiaras that they own is about 2.5.  Well, since they went on sale at Target recently I just stocked up on them.  Can a gal, or I suppose to be fair, a guy, ever have too many tiaras?

I suppose the average reader still thinks of physicians as being August, somewhat Aloof professionals.  Thinks perhaps that the dignity of the Healing Arts precludes me modeling ER bribery Princess swag.

Happy to disprove that theory for you!

Hey, one never knows.  The Next Generation may include one or more little girls.  Gotta work on my Tea Party skills!

Rome - Some Minor Monuments

Sometimes in Rome you are just walking along and have to stop and say: "What is THAT?"  This big slab of ancient masonry just sticks out of some buildings on Via dell' Arco della Ciambella.  It is a surviving bit of the Baths of Agrippa, circa 25 BC.  These remains by the way are a gentle curve, part of a remaining niche or semi-circular room.  The other half is out of frame to the left.  The name of the street you are standing on here reflects this....it means approximately "Doughnut Street".

The next two pictures are not so much monuments as, I think, some sort of graffiti.  They are both from the Palatine Hill, so they were in spitting distance of the Imperial Palace.  When I saw the first one I figured it might be some kind of game board.  You see odd things carved on stone that we assume were used for some now forgotten amusement.  

But then I saw this one that makes my understanding harder.  Faintly carved but on a very tough basalt paving stone.  Was this some kind of "Palatine logo"?

In the Campus Marti neighborhood they had a lot of problems with flooding.  In various places you see these "Flood Tablets"  These are on the wall of Santa Maria sopra Minerva....and fairly high up on said wall I might add.  Oh, and the river is half a mile away.  These tend to be rather whimsical inscriptions.  The largest one shown here reads:

IN THE YEAR OF THE LORD 1530

ON 8 OCTOBER

BUT IN THE SEVENTH YEAR

OF THE LORD POPE CLEMENT THE SEVENTH

THE TIBER ROSE TO THIS POINT

AND NOW ALL ROME WOULD HAVE BEEN OVERWHELMED

HAD NOT THE VIRGIN

PROFFERED SWIFT AID.

Now this is an oddball, and one that I find documented nowhere on the internet.  It is on the Capitoline Hill, out back behind the Museum.  Its located next to a little path that nobody seems to walk on and is among some scrubby foliage.  The inscription translates to:  "Oak given to the Italian sword team that won the XI Olympiad in Berlin".  This and a very similar adjacent stone recognize two Italian fencing teams that won Gold at the controversial 1936 Berlin Olympics.  I got to wondering....with World War Two right around the corner, how many of these Italian young men - in a rather martial sport - ended up dying in the war?

Answer....none, they all lived to ripe old ages.  You might think that this says something about the Italian war effort, but actually fencing is a somewhat aristocratic sport in which the highest level competitors are usually on the mature side.  These fellows were mostly too old for combat by 1939.

As a very odd, very off topic aside, Helene Mayer who won the Woman's Silver for Germany is felt to have been Jewish, but was still invited to be on the team.

My last example is in the Trastevere neighborhood.  The translation on this one is difficult...

But it says something like this:  "By order of the Honorable President of the Road it is forbidden to make a dumping of filth in this alley under penalty of ten scudi (this was a silver coin) and other corporal punishments"

Since this was posted in  December of 1763 things have gone down hill considerably!

Note, an interesting further discussion of these No Dumping signs can be found HERE